Birus Human Papillomas (HPV) is very common in sexually transmitted infections worldwide.
The particularity of this infection is that over the years, it may not manifest in any way, but ultimately lead to the development of benign (papilloma) or malignant (cervical cancer) genital disease.
Types of human papillomavirus
More than 100 HPVs are known. Types are special "subspecies" of viruses that are different from each other. Types are represented by numbers assigned to them when assigned to them.
There were 14 types in the high risk of carcinogenic groups: 16, 18, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 (these types are related to the development of cervical cancer).
Additionally, types of low risk of cancer (mainly 6 and 11) are known. They lead to the formation of anogenital warts (spicy tines, papillomas). The papilloma is located on the vulva mucosa of the vagina and on the skin of the genitals. They almost never become malignant, but cause obvious cosmetic defects in the genital area. These types of viruses may also cause warts in other parts of the body (arms, legs, face) and may have different origins. In subsequent articles, we will discuss the types of HPV "high risk" and "low risk" respectively.
Human papillomatum with human papillomatum
The virus is mainly transmitted during sexual intercourse. Sooner or later, almost all women with HPV are infected: up to 90% of sexually active women will experience this infection throughout their lives.
But there is good news: Most infections (about 90%) will get rid of HPV without any medical intervention.
This is a normal process of the infection process caused by HPV in the human body. This time it is enough to completely free the human immune system from the virus. In this case, HPV will not cause any harm to the body.In other words, if HPV was discovered a while ago, but not now, it would be absolutely normal!
It must be kept in mind that the immune system is suitable for different people with "different speeds". In this regard, the speed of getting rid of HPV may vary among sexual partners. So, it may happen when one partner finds HPV and another partner does not find HPV.
Shortly after the sexual activity begins, most people will get HPV, and many of them will never know that HPV has been infected. There is no continuous immunity after infection, so it may reinfect viruses and other types of viruses that already exist.
HPV is "high risk" because it can lead to the development of cervical cancer and other types of cancer. High-risk HPV will not cause other problems. HPV does not cause the inflammatory development of vaginal mucosa/cervix, menstrual cycle diseases or infertility.
HPV does not affect the ability to conceive and get pregnant. The "high risk" of HPV in the child is not transmitted during pregnancy and during childbirth. Diagnosis of human papillomavirus
In fact, it is almost pointless to analyze HPV HPV, as high cancer risk for up to 25 years (except for women who start sex early (up to 18 years)), because the virus is likely to be discovered at the time, which will soon leave the body on its own.
25 - 30 years later, it makes sense to conduct an analysis:
- and cytology analysis (PAP-test). If the PAP test changes and HPV is "high risk", this situation requires special attention.
- In the absence of cytologic changes, the long-term persistence of HPV "high risk" also needs attention. Recently, it has been shown that HPV testing is more sensitive in the prevention of cervical cancer than in cytologic studies, so only the definition of HPV only (no cytologic studies) is approved as an independent study for the prevention of cervical cancer. However, in Russia, an annual cytology study is recommended, so the combination of these two studies is reasonable.
- After treatment for cervical dysplasia/cancer/cancer (the absence of HPV in post-treatment analysis almost always indicates successful treatment). For studies, it is necessary to obtain smears from the cervical passageway (can be studied from the vagina and materials, however, it is recommended to use materials from the cervix).
Analyses must be performed:
- Once a year (if HPV is previously found to be "high risk" and analysis is passed along with cytology studies);
- If the previous analysis was negative, it was performed once within 5 years.
There is little need to analyze the low risk of carcinogenicity of HPV. If there is no papilloma, then this analysis is meaningless in principle (viral transport is possible, there is no treatment for the virus, so there is no idea how to deal with the results of the analysis).
If there is a papilloma, then:
- They are usually caused by HPV.
- Whether we find the 6/11 type or not, they must be deleted.
- If you apply smear, it is directly related to the papilloma itself, not from the vagina/cervix.
There are tests for identifying different types of HPV. If you take HPV tests regularly, be aware of what specific types are included in the analysis. Some laboratories only conduct research in categories 16 and 18, while others conduct all types together. An analysis can also be performed, which will identify all 14 types of "high risk" viruses in a quantitative format. Quantitative characteristics are important in predicting the possibility of developing pre- and cervical cancers. These tests should be used in the context of preventing cervical cancer, rather than as independent tests. HPV analysis without cytology results (RAR test) usually does not allow us to draw any conclusions about the patient's health status.
There is no such analysis to determine whether the virus will "leave" in a specific patient.
Treatment of human papillomavirus
There is no medication for HPV. There are some ways to treat states caused by HPV (papilloma, abnormal development, predicted, cervical cancer). This treatment should be performed using surgical methods (cryocoagulation, laser, radio knife).
No "immunostimulator" is associated with HPV treatment and should not be applied. The well-known drug has not passed enough tests to show its effectiveness and safety. The regimen/criteria/recommendation is not included in these drugs. The presence of cervical "erosion" may not affect the strategies of HPV treatment.
If the patient has no complaints and does not have a nipple/change on the cervix during colposcopy and is tested according to PAP, no treatment procedure is required.
The analysis is only necessary to be re-studied annually and monitor the condition of the cervix (PAP-test, colposcopy). In most patients, the virus "leads" the body on its own. If you don't leave, it is completely optional, it will lead to the development of cervical cancer, but needs to be controlled. No treatment for sexual partners is required (except where both partners have genital papilloma).
Preventing human papillomavirus
Vaccines have been developed that protect 16 and 18 HPV (one of which is also immune to 6 and 11 types of vaccines). The types of HPV 16 and 18 are "responsible" for 70% of cervical cancer cases, so their protection is very important. The planned vaccination is used in 45 countries. Condoms (not providing 100% protection).